Author Archives: Alison

From the Vaults

While rummaging through archival CDs in search of the abbreviated form of my essay on Women Scientists in Fiction, I happened across a fragment of a sequel to Blueheart started around about the time the novel was published. Since it’s unlikely that I will carry on with it now – though it made entertaining reading – I am posting it here. The working title was Crucible.

Crucible: Chapter 1

Space lifted away from her. Night rose towards her. The ramjet’s great blunt maw shrank with unnerving rapidity.  But, compared to the planet’s bulk, its span was diminutive.  In the falling dropcapsule the ramjet’s captain closed her eyes and envisioned the unfurling of the scoops, the gathering fields arcing out around the planet.  Primed to gather matter ion by ion, they would gorge on the outermost atmosphere, a veritable banquet, compared to the thin gruel in intersystem space.  The aurora would flare bright as day, violet green and lilac as ions accelerated in the ramjet’s scoop field.

Her face felt damp;  she made her eyes open.  The screens before her were pearly blue with distant water.  The hostility she felt, measuring the scale of her ship against the planet below, unsettled her.  She thought: I consented.  To whatever it was, and for whatever reason, I did consent.

‘Biting one’s nails is a habit unbecoming in a captain,’ her lieutenant said from her side.  Terese was watching her with wicked eyes, in which floated slivers of pale, planetary blue. ‘And unreassuring to the crew.’

‘You hardly need reassurance,’ the captain said.

‘But you need to stop brooding about it. What’s done is done.’

‘If I could only remember what it was.’

‘Have you no trust in authority? No faith they’d have good reasons for sealing your orders until you got here.’

Cybele de Courcey did not answer, answer enough to anyone who knew her as well as her lieutenant.  The planet filled the screens now.  Clouds were scarcely paler than the sea, streaks and rosettes and medallions, formed by the Coreolis winds.  Along the equator, a ragged band of cloud marked the meeting of north and south.

‘So young, and yet so cynical.’ Cybele glanced sharply at her;  the other woman raised her hands. ‘Rather you than me, sister. Rather you than me.’

And why not you, Cybele thought, that is what you wonder. You are the senior, by eight years, eight years as spacefarers measure it, eight years in flight, in quicklife.  In biological time, as best could be measured, Terese was some years Cybele’s junior, having entered space younger, and travelled more widely.  And Terese had not been the only lieutenant more senior in the interplanetary service.  So why not Therese or one of the others.  Why Cybele?

What was it I agreed to do, here?

‘You come from here, don’t you?’ Terese said.  The question was something of an solecism amongst spacers, who were pleased to acknowledge no alliances.

‘I came from here,’ said Cybele. ‘A hundred and sixty years ago.’

For that was the true relation of spacers to their origins.  The places they came from ceased to be.  Time alone extinguished them. Even Terese was silent a moment, in acknowledgement of that.  Cybele turned her attention to the seas.  Their texture was just becoming apparent.  And the texture below the surface, the duskiness of the floating forests, the green stain of the drifting plankton.  A stippling of islands twinkled in the edge of the twilight, as the planet turned into dusk.  The islands had not been settled then.  They were settled now.  The sight comforted Cybele, that the land of Blueheart had not been shunned.

‘Much different?’ Terese said.

‘No.’

Terese leaned forward, the light of the screens on her face.  ‘I hope they’ve kept their drop-platforms maintained this past fifty years.’

‘They will have had insystem traffic,’  Cybele said. ‘And probably low-C cruisers from lambda Serpens II. Private traffic.’

‘You think they’d risk blackout themselves by offering contact?’

She knew it;  lambda Serpens II was the primary source of the Space Service’s knowledge of what had happened in the fifty years since the blackout.  She said, dryly. ‘They would have to do a great deal more than break the blackout, since they are now the waystation for further exploration in this direction.  The Service cannot shun both worlds, and the inner worlds know that.’

‘You’re saying gamma Serpens V would not have been blacked out if there had not been an alternate waystation so close?’ Therese, ever swift, extrapolated the unspoken thought.  ‘Even after what they’ve done?’

Cybele could feel the first faint pressure of the slowing of their descent, a thusting of the seat against her spine.  Rossby Gamma, the rafttown, was still a fleck on the ocean beneath her.  It had not even been conceived of before she left.

‘I wonder,’ Therese said, ‘if it is as bad as they say on Earth.’

I wonder, Cybele thought, what you will say when I tell you it happened because of me. ‘Initiating landing protocol,’ she said, instead.

—-

‘Gah!’ Therese said, ‘what is that stench.’

‘Algae,’ said Cybele.  The seas always smelled rank and faintly sour, with the emissions of the commonest algae.  In her space-struck youth she had watched landings from the observation areas, and seen the same grimace on every newcomer’s face. ‘You’ll get used to it.’

There were watchers on the deck now, looking down at them.  The minority were clad, the majority naked, or wearing paint silvery as a fish’s scales.  Almost to a one, their skins were dark: brown, black, or the raw red of the adaptive.  They were, she noted with some relief, all still two armed, bipedal, human; they looked hardly different from the people who had gathered to watch her departure, a hundred and sixty years ago.  She found herself searching for a familiar face, almost expecting her brother whom he had last seen crouching behind the barrier, one hand steadying his little daughter, the other pointing out Cybele.  Year-old Juniper would be an old woman now.  Karel had been dead for almost fifty years.

Therese said, on a breath, her eye following Cybele’s, ‘They look just like people.’

‘Of course they do.  It has only been six generations.’

‘That doesn’t limit genetic engineering.’ Therese pointed out. ‘Now that they’ve thrown out the rules.’

‘They did not,’ Cybele said, sharply, ‘throw out the rules.  If anything, they had to apply these rules even more stringently, since what they do now, they must live with for a very long time.’  I helped them draw up those rules, she almost said. ‘It is quite likely most of those people are adaptive-born. It was that that led to the blackout. Nothing else.’

There were nineteen settled worlds, now; there had been seventeen when she left. They were settled according to a millennial plan which allowed human adaptation to the planetary environment for as long as was required to accumulate knowledge and numbers to begin terraforming.  Adaptations were done after birth, or between conception and birth, done anew on each individual, in each generation; the germ-line remained human. Once terraforming was completed, the settlers would revert to human type, and reaffirm their membership in the vast, spreading family of humanity.

Only the settlers of Blueheart had chosen otherwise.  Had chosen, a hundred and seventy years ago, to preserve their planet as it was, a waterworld with a bare three percent land surface area.  To preserve themselves as many of them were, air-breathing sea-dwellers, swimmers and divers with the best possible endurance in distance and depth as could be achieved.  But even a hundred and seventy years ago, they had been discussing introducing their adaptations into the germ-line, so that they would breed true to themselves. Even a hundred and seventy years ago, they had been considering how far they might go in adapting themselves to their seas.

The first adaptive child had been born ten years after Cybele’s departure.  By the time she reached the training facilities on nu Boötes IV, word had come from Earth that Blueheart was to be quarantined: the information streams which linked the settled worlds – the sunstreams – blacked out, all starships instructed to avoid the system.  For the last fifty years – since Earth’s decree had reached the other settled worlds – Blueheart had been alone in the universe.  But that had been all Earth could do. Despite nearly a millennium of exploration and experimentation, humanity had failed to attain even 0.5 c in their immense ramjets.  The forty-two light years between Earth and its unruly offspring represented a hundred years in transit time, and almost immeasurable expense.  Earth had no physical authority over Blueheart.  But the blackout prevented Earth’s other settlements from knowing whether Blueheart’s revolt met with success, or disaster.

Rumour, of course, filled the vacuum.  Blueheart was home to monsters, sea-dwellers unrecognizable as human.  Blueheart primaries – non-adapteds – had risen in revolt, and soon, very soon, would petition to return to the fold.  Blueheart was on the verge of destroying itself in civil war. But the private sources of the Space Service told of a world prospering in its isolation, slowly but assuredly improvising its own destiny.  Cybele had, for conscience’s sake, cultivated those sources.  What Blueheart had become, she had allowed, if not made.

New arrivals still walked from the platform across an open sided bridge.  Insystem passenger flights would be few; there would be no point wasting luxury on them. Grey water heaved, uneasily, between the sheer sides of the drop platform and the sheer sides of the next, still settling from the violent shifts of air and water involved in buoying the platform against the thrust.  Even a small dropship, like theirs, could make an impressive landing.  But if these people waited to see liftoff, they would be disappointed.  The dropship would leave when they left, not before.  No one from Blueheart was going with them.

‘Don’t look down,’ she said, to Therese, seeing her gazing into the water with a sickly fascination, a slight greenish tinge around her mouth.  Therese, with her dark olive skin, and black eyes, looked more indiginous than she.

‘Everything’s moving,’ the other woman said, a little faintly. ‘Everything’s moving in different directions.’

‘You will feel better when you are off the bridge.’

Therese looked at her, with wide, plaintive eyes.  ‘Is it moving too?’  Cybele took her arm, and kept her walking.  Therese tucked Cybele’s arm more firmly around hers.  On their last ship, they had been lieutenants and – in the time outside coldsleep – friends.  That had had to change.  Ramjet crews numbered at most forty, who might be exclusively in each others’ company for years, if not decades.  Their internal ecology, human and mechanical, was delicate.  A captain who risked disturbing that delicate ecology, for love or friendship, was a fool; Cybele had worked for fifty years to become a captain, and she was no fool.

She glanced sideways at Therese as they reached the end of the bridge.  The fine olive profile stared straight ahead, smiling slightly, despite the pallor of her lips.  Beyond Therese, Cybele saw people watching her.  Dear God, she could not possibly be recognized, not after all these years!  Reduced gravity would keep even her waking years off her face; she would look more like young Cybele than she should.  But her hair, brown in her youth, was grey-shot according to the custom of spacer captains.  And then she realised suddenly and with dismay that neither she nor Therese had thought of her hair when they carefully removed all insignia from their dropship, and all identifiers from their clothes.  Where were her wits! Therese had turned to look at her, concern in her eyes.

‘Remember something?’

‘No.’  The sealed orders remained quiescent within her cercortex. ‘It’s my hair,’ she said.

Therese considered it. ‘What about it? It’s a mess.’

‘It’s grey.’

Two generations had passed since the last ramjet had come to Blueheart.  Would even those who had been alive at that time remember that captains greyed their hair. The people around her were bald, as in the manner of adaptives, or black haired, or their hair was dyed – engineered – flamboyant, unnatural colours. ‘I should dye my hair.’

‘Or cover it,’ Therese suggested. ‘Where’s the nearest shop? You can order a scarf.’

‘In a little while,’  Cybele said. ‘I need to do a download. Maybe it’ll unseal the orders and tell me what I’m doing here.’

‘Sensible idea,’ said Therese. ‘You download, I’ll shop.’

Blueheart’s isolation showed, she thought; the public access consoles no longer matched interplanetary standards, and the info-net itself was baffling.  She was accustomed to the ramjet’s systems, the most sophisticated net achievable, or to the vast, multilayered, self-indulgent sprawl of the settled worlds’ nets.  Blueheart’s interface was almost childish.  Her personal interface, painfully achieved, was visual, and the Blueheart interface formed within her mind as a collage of simple shapes in primary colours.  Towers and waves and fish.  She lifted one up, and found another layer of less simple shapes, still primary colours. Blueheart adaptives had been disdainful of cercortex implantation and augmentation.  It seemed they had not changed.  They must have let the net degenerate. She turned up another layer, and found that the shapes were yet more complex.  Interested now, she submitted a request for download – and found herself receiving a bolus of data as swiftly and crisply as ever from the ramjet’s computer.  Largely irrelevant data – about the ecology of the southern ocean.  That was the fish.  Somewhat more respectfully now, she explored what lay beneath the towers, which seemed the most logical place to start.

She was leaning against the wall, face turned up to the sun, reviewing what she had retrieved about Rossby Gamma, when Therese spoke from her side.  She opened her eyes, squinting.  Therese said, ‘Here, put on your present.’ The present was a square of brilliant crimson. ‘They call it seasilk. I think it postdates you.’

‘Yes,’ Cybele said, retrieving the data on the Blueheart silksnail. ‘By about forty years.’ She looked at the scarf.  The colour was nearly painful to the eye.  Therese said, ‘Think of it this way.  Who will look at your face?’

Cybele stared at her, caught by the almost aggressive tone in her voice.  Therese said, ‘I accessed a public station on the way.  Fascinating interface by the way; deceptive as hell.  I looked you up.’ She paused, waiting for a response, ‘Why didn’t you tell me?’

‘Would you,’ Cybele said, after a moment, ‘If you were I?’

‘I’d have told the closest friend I have.  And, unless I’m much mistaken, I’m yours.’

‘Will you believe me if I tell you that I do not remember as well as I might. I had a lot of enhancement work – I wasn’t born with a very good substrate brain for high level cortex implants, and I needed – rewiring.  It left me with a rather unclear recall of why I did what I did.  What I did was, of course, public record, though people – friends – did their best to efface my part in it, knowing that I wanted to make a life off Blueheart.’

‘It was a challenge finding out,’ Therese said, ‘true. But I am damned near an expert, and nobody seemed particularly bothered to bar access to your record, just to ‘efface’ it.’

‘The idea of barring access was particularly ugly back then.  There had been too many secrets.’

‘The illegal adaptives.’

‘And the virus that was released to destroy them.’

‘Where are you going?’ Therese said sharply, catching her as she started to move off.

‘There’s something – someone – I’d like to see down on the docks.’  She flipped the headscarf over her head and started to tie it.  Therese said,  ‘Oh, hell, let me.’

‘I’d rather you didn’t blaspheme in my hearing,’ Cybele said mildly. But she let Therese tie the scarf for her. ‘I think you should come; you might be interested.’

—-

‘This is him?’  Therese said.

A man standing alone at the edge of the docks.  Not a living man, a statue, of dark cast metal, tarnished slightly red by the sea winds.  He stood, flat-footed, arms folded, staring out to the sea.  His eyes were small, nearly hidden by the folds of his face. His build was bulky, not quite sagging.  He was quite naked, except for, around his neck, a ruff of piled leis and strung shells, fluttering petals and soft rasping, yellow, blue, white, grey, living colours against the gunmetal-red of his skin.

She circled him slowly, not answering Therese.  When she knew him, he had been in his fifties.  He had been a hundred twenty six when he died, a fair age, though not a great one.  This statue showed him somewhere in between, at the height of his powers.  She murmured, irreverently,  ‘Put on a little weight, did you, Rache?’  The fresh decorations showed how well he was remembered, how well loved, by both land and sea.

Something bright as one of the flowers around Rache’s neck fell with a flutter past Cybele’s head.  Perched on the statue’s bald head, the bird regarded Cybele with a bead of an eye as black as the living man’s had been.  Wind shivered through its iridescent blue feathers;  sun shone on its small, ivory crest.  Little naked feet skittered on the smooth metal.  A gust of wind caught and tipped it;  the bird flirted ink-tipped wings, and was gone. Cybele turned to follow its flight.

‘What’s the matter?’ Therese said, dryly. ‘Never seen a bird?’

‘No,’ Cybele said, simply. ‘I have never seen a bird.’

Therese gestured.  ‘That’s him, isn’t it?  Rache Scole Blueheart.’

‘Rache of Scole, yes.’  She shook her head slightly at the statue. ‘“The Founder.”  They must have hung that on you posthumously.  They could not have done it while you were alive.’

‘That’s – grotesque,’ Therese said, staring at the statue. ‘Casting someone in metal. It’s like some kind of effigy.’

‘It’s fitting,’ Cybele said. ‘And accessible even to people who have, or want, no access to the records in the nets.’  She ruffled the delicate yellow petals of the topmost lei.  It must have been hung within the hour, since the intense sun had not wilted them.  ‘I wonder what you had to say about the birds.  You were such a believer in not interfering with the ecosystem.’

—-

SF on the BBC

BBC7 has just started replaying Stephen Moore’s reading of John Wyndham’s second published novel The Kraken Wakes. Since it had been many years since I read it, I had forgotten much of it when I heard it on BBC7, and there was quite a different pace taking it in as 16 half-hour installments with no persisting sense of what comes next , compared to the 90 minute radio drama version of The Crysalids. Stephen Moore had a gravelly, sombre delivery, appropriate for a novel that starts with the hero and his wife watching icebergs drift and calve up the Thames and discussing title and epigraph for a memoir that may never be published. A couple of weeks ago there was a three-part reading of CL Moore’s Shambleau, which once I got past the reader’s ersatz American accent, the “seduction” scene was almost unbearably suspenseful.

Westercon, first day

Arrived late Thursday night. So far the score is No. panels given, 1, No. panels attended, 0. I am abashed, because there were several panels I would have gone to but that I had a couple of items left over from the week at work to take care of that I thought could be done within an hour. Slight misjudgement there. I am determined I have left work behind me now.

The one panel I sat on was a relaxed 9 pm panel on “SF Mind Control” with a good-sized, active audience. The other panelists were Donna McMahon and Danita Masian (whose first novel, Rogue Harvest, had its launch today). We had as much real world reflection as SF: cults, Bountiful, propaganda, Nazis, cold war, office life, conformity, the “7-up” series of documentaries, religion, gender socialization, criminality, biological basis of behavior; what was socialization, what was indoctrination, and what was mind control; whether the Internet was something that gave us immunity from the kind of media control that fascist and Bolshevik regimes exercised. Books and films mentioned: The Manchurian Candidate, 1984, Brave New World, We, The Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The Puppet Masters, Stepford Wives, Dances with Knives.

I also caught up with people – having lived in Calgary from 1995-2000, and attended at least 5 Con-Versions over 8 years, there are a great many familiar faces – and having 4 days instead of the usual 2 is making that a much less scrambled affair. I’ve made it into the Dealer’s Room, which at the last con I went to (V-con) I never even did, and I might make it into the art show. This year they’re offering guided tours with a docent, which I think is an excellent idea.

Calgary is extraordinarily green and puddled, and you ask locals about it and they just shake their heads and groan. I’ve heard sad stories about flooded basements and destroyed books, including stocks of the writers’ own. Mosquitos are plentiful with all the standing water, so there were opening night jokes about mosquitos bearing off some of the guests. A zealous parent outside the Y nailed not only her wriggling child but my passing self with citronella. Prince Edward Island Park was flooded, so the Shakespeare in the Park has moved to Mount Royal – but it alas does not start until after I leave. Stampede is impending, with even the swank downtown hotels mounting plywood saloon faces and all the guests appearing at opening in white 10-gallon hats.

Open Access Medical Publishing

I was introduced to the open access movement in medical publishing in 1999/2000, during a stint as an in-house editor at the Canadian Medical Association Journal (quick plug: CMAJ on-line was from the start an open access journal). At that time, Harold Varmus (head of the NIH) had proposed eBioMed, an electronic archive and pre-print server, in the style of the successful high energy physics archive arXiv, which had since its inception in 1991 become the archive of record for that particular highly specialized area. BioMed Central’s Freedom of Information Conference 2000 captures the debate that attended that proposal, as did a debate (that does not seem to be archived) on HMS Beagle, an electronic science newsmagazine published by the late, lamented BioMedNet. Robert Kling, Joanna Fortune, and Adam King trace The Remarkable Transformation of eBioMed into PubMedCentral (working draft; the final paper was subsequently published with the usual access restrictions), which stripped the proposal of its most controversial aspect, the preprint server, and made it an open-access repository of material voluntarily submitted by traditional publishers. To quote from Kling et al:

The differences between the May 5 E-Biomed proposal and the August 30 PubMed Central proposal (see Table 1) can be described as a shift from one that emphasized authors’ and readers’ interests to one that favored the interests of societies’ and publishers’.  Though both NIH proposals were framed in terms of the interests of the “scientific community,” the composition of the “scientific community” is defined differently in the two proposals. The May 5 E-Biomed proposal defines the scientific community as authors and readers, excluding scientific societies:

“a mechanism for governance (the E-Biomed Governing Board) that involves all of the parties concerned-the scientific community (readers and authors), editors, computer specialists, and funding agencies.”

This view of the scientific community is typical of electronic publishing enthusiasts in the scholarly communication literature (Brody, 1996; Odlyzko, 1996), and seemed to be accepted uncritically by many supporters of the original proposal. Scientific societies, on the other hand, were careful to stress their role in the scientific community, and tended to define the scientific community in terms of journal readership and society membership. For example, the officers of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics stated:

“The scientific community is diverse and should not necessarily speak with a single voice. Individual scientific society disciplines and their respective journals should be celebrated and encouraged to succeed. (ASPET 1999)”

Thus, the perception of whether the E-Biomed archive would be a boon or a bane for the scientific community depended to a great degree on just how the term “scientific community” was being defined. Supporters and  opponents of the proposal  tended to characterize the “scientific community” so as to bolster their particular positions.

After an initially bumpy start, with criticism from disappointed supporters of e-Biomed and skeptical supporters of commercial publishing alike, PubMed Central has grown steadily. Varmus and others advocates of open source went on to found the Public Library of Science, and then to start two journals, PLOS Biology and PLOS Medicine, refereed, open-access, and published under a creative commons license. More are to come, including one on clinical trials. Recently, the Wellcome Trust in the UK and the National Institutes of Health in the US have both announced their support of open access, the NIH by requiring submission of the final version of any manuscript accepted for publication to PubMed Central. And in a critique of the relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and the medical journals, former BMJ editor Richard Smith returns to the model put forward for e-Biomed as a means of reducing bias: an independent open-access archive of trial results, with an edifice of commentary and criticism built around it. Certainly we have the tools to do so: the required elements in reporting clinical trials could be wrapped in XML and repackaged in any way required. Standardization to a well-worked standard would make reanalysis and systematic reviews possible, and the annotation tools and methods developed for bioinformatics could be deployed.

Open Source Drug Development?

The idea of open source drug development gained some attention with an article in The Economist back last June. My ISP’s server and backup crash, coupled with my access and backup issues, made that original entry vanish into the ether. However PLOS Medicine (the open source, open access medical journal) has an ongoing series on initiatives in drug discovery for neglected diseases (in this instance, tropical and third world diseases); in its December issue, Stephen Maurer, Arti Rai, and Andrej Sali elaborate on their proposal to use an open source model for the development of drugs that are potentially of great benefit but are not of significant commercial interest for pharmaceutical companies operating on the standard commercial model. They propose using bioinformatics methods to identify possible drug targets, given our knowledge of various pathogenic genomes, and then tap academic and pharmaceutical companies for in-pipeline drugs or volunteer scientific expertise to help develop drugs against those targets.

The original discussion over on Slashdot, on which I first commented, veered off into discussion of intellectual property rights, not surprising given the demographics of the community, their area of expertise (not drug development), and their politics. Setting aside matters of intellectual property, the first part of Maurer et al’s proposal, to use bioinformatics methods to identify drug targets, is plausible: publically accessible bioinformatics resources are extensive and accessible by anyone with a computer, a project, and enough knowledge to be getting on with, and bioinformatics is already being heavily used in the identification of drug targets. The discipline, like most computing disciplines, is evolving so swiftly that the ability to decode indifferent documentation and understand the principles is almost more valuable than knowledge of any particular tool, beyond the core tools. But I do wonder whether life sciences has the demographic to make a meaningful go of this approach: bioinformatics is a young discipline, certainly younger that software engineering, and therefore the pool of practitioners is not as extensive; life sciences are less amenable to being practiced as a hobby and early, and I suspect life scientists would tend to be older and more settled into institutions before they gained sufficient knowledge to make an effective contribution, especially at the highly regulated later stages of drug development. In addition, successive long-term contractions in the life sciences job market have meant that many people who might have made a contribution have left the field over the years. Those are, however, merely impressions; in the time honoured phrase of the discipline, more research is required.

There is no getting away from the fact that the non-clinical and clinical testing phases for drugs are lengthy, expensive and highly regulated, although regulators and others take a special interest in neglected diseases and orphan drugs. Money, expertise and coordination will be required at this stage. Maurer et al mention the idea of “virtual pharma”, such as the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, whose mandate is to push promising drugs on through the pipeline; the work of the DNDi was described in the first issue of PLOS Medicine. Should the drug developers wish to take the drugs all the way through a regulatory application (which will be necessary if this is a new drug never marketed before), then the writing of a regulatory submission could be done in an open source manner, on-line, using open-source collaborative writing software, wiki, blog, database, or possibly even custom-built for the purpose.

In a letter in this month’s (February’s) issue, Richard Stallman of the free software foundation writes in support of the concept, reminding the reader that the open source software movement has 20 years’ experience in resisting commercial and proprietary interests. Moreover, he points out the possible effect of the open access movement in scholarly and biomedical publishing in advancing such work.